Just to resurrect this thread:

Many of your observations on the inadequacies of C (and those of the
people who followed up) are addressed in a language being developed at
Cornell and AT&T Research called Cyclone.  It incorporates successful
high-level language features to ensure safety, but unlike most
high-level languages, gives the programmer control over data
representation and, to a large extent, memory management (e.g. a GC is
not required).  Furthermore, Cyclone is very close to C, thus
simplifying the process of porting legacy code (we actually parse a
superset of C, but our type-checker is more restrictive, as you would
imagine).  In essence, the language was designed with just your sort of
systems project in mind.  So far we have written a 40,000 line compiler
in Cyclone, and ported nearly 30,000 lines of systems code.

So that I'm not too off-topic, I should say that OCaml has been a strong
influence on Cyclone---many of the OCaml libraries and tools were ported
to Cyclone, and many of OCaml's features have been added to allow more
high-level programming, if desired, including exceptions, pattern
matching, tagged unions (i.e. datatypes), and others.  Of course,
"OCaml-like" is not OCaml itself; OCaml should be the language of choice
for applications where low-level control is not as important (of which
there are many).

http://www.cs.cornell.edu/projects/cyclone/ has more details.  There is
much
more to be done, and comments are welcomed.

Mike

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Berke Durak [mailto:berke@altern.org]
> Sent: Sunday, November 11, 2001 12:18 AM
> To: caml-list@inria.fr
> Subject: [Caml-list] Rewriting UNIX in Caml and getting rid of the C
> disease
> 
> 
> Everyone on this list will agree that the C language is far from being
> perfect. More specifically, if we consider its various derivatives
> together (i.e. the C preprocessor and C++) they form the worst piece
> of stinking, pathogen and toxic garbage in the realm of programming
> languages.
> 
> On the other hand, we almost all use and respect UNIX and its
> derivatives, which might seem to be a paradox, given that UNIX is
> entirely based on C.  I'm here considering UNIX from the system
> programmer's view, making abstraction of the way it's
> implemented. Certainly, it could get much better, but, practically, it
> is just fine.
> 
> Unfortunately, the C language acts as a mandatory layer over
> UNIX. Generating an executable for a given brand of UNIX without going
> thru the C library is tricky because it requires to know how the
> system calls work. These are, first, not documented (because you're
> supposed to go thru the C library), and, second, depend precisely on
> #ifdef-infested C source code, and are subject to revision.
> 
> Therefore, in the interests of humanity, I hereby propose that :
> 
>                               ***
> 
> An appropriate sublanguage of Caml should be isolated, and a given,
> well-accepted brand of UNIX should be reimplemented in that language.
> Binary compatibility must be retained as far as possible. Basic system
> utilities (including a shell) should also be translated (into full
> Ocaml). Since the use of Caml will, a) divide the source code size by,
> say, ten and b) automatically remove, say, 95% of all bugs and
> security holes (since most are illnesses resulting from pointer
> manipulation), success is guaranteed.
> 
>                               ***
> 
> Progress has to be made in operating systems. C blocks that progress.
> C must be obliterated.
> 
> The use and existence of a Caml-based UNIX, with a (justified)
> reputation of very good security and integrity, will invariably
> attract a lot of hackers (in the good sense) to Caml. It will also
> make existing Caml programmers a valuable resource.
> 
> The use of Caml might also facilitate the verification of some parts
> of it using Coq, even if I don't know what part of an operating system
> you could usefully verify by formal methods.
> 
> For marketing purposes, a bijective mapping between some sort of
> subgrammar of C and the sublanguage of Caml could be provided.
> 
> For people worrying about speed, I'd just remind them that not so long
> ago, C itself was considered pretty slow and inefficient a language
> (maybe the compilers weren't as good), yet operating systems 
> were written in C and used on computers a thousand times slower than
> what we have today.
> 
> Finally, the task of translating UNIX from C to Caml, if certainly
> not straightforward, is certainly feasible with a predictable amount
> of work, and could even be made semi-automatically.
> --
> Berke
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