]> > the Liskov's substitution principle was violated. I have violated it myself > ... > So, when correctly applied, what's so disturbing about inheritance? You i like these food-for-thought / throw-gasoline-on-the-fire articles about the general subject: http://alistair.cockburn.us/Constructive+deconstruction+of+subtyping http://www.dbdebunk.com/page/page/626998.htm sincerely.